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Vrontisi Monastery
Vrontisi Monastery ((ギリシア語:Μονή Βροντισίου), also spelled as Βροντησίου) is a 14th-century Eastern Orthodox monastery situated between the villages of Zaros and Voriza of the Heraklion regional unit in south-central Crete, Greece. The monastery is roughly 50 km southwest of Heraklion and is built at an altitude of 550 m on the south slopes of Mt. Ida, having a panoramic view of the Mesara Plain and the Asterousia Mountains. The origin of its name is not clear; according to the prevailing explanation it was named after its founder whose surname was ''Vrontisis''.〔(Greek ministry of Culture: Μονή Βροντησίου )〕
==History==
Venetian archives contain several documents referring to the Vrontisi monastery.〔Θ. Δετοράκης, Ν. Ψιλάκης, Α. Χατζηκωστής. ''Τα μοναστήρια της Κρήτης'', εκδ. Τράπεζας Κρήτης, Αθήνα 1986.〕 The earliest written reference dates back to 1474. However, it is older than that but the exact year of its establishment is unknown. Vrontisi was established as a metochion of the nearby Varsamonerou Monastery. The former fell into decline after 1500 whereas Vrontisi began to flourish and reached its apogee as a regional monastic and spiritual centre during the 16th and 17th centuries. After the fall of Crete to the Turks, Arkadi Monastery was deserted and its monks fled to Vrontisi. According to tradition, Michael Damaskinos, the renowned painter of the Cretan School, is believed to have served as a monk at Vrontisi. Six of Damaskinos' best known icons were kept at the monastery until 1800 and are nowadays displayed at the St. Catherine of Sinai museum in Heraklion.
Owing to its fortified position, Vrontisi was used as a revolutionary centre during the Cretan uprisings of the 19th century. During the great Cretan revolt of 1866, Michael Korakas used Vrontisi as his headquarters. In reprisal, the Ottomans slaughtered the monks and burned all crops, which resulted in the monastery being deserted and most of its heirlooms destroyed. During the German occupation of 1941–44, Vrontisi provided shelter to resistance fighters.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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